فصلنامه پژوهش های سیاستگذاری و برنامه ریزی انرژی
سال نهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1402)

Despite some existing imagery about the future of human access to new and non-renewable energy sources, energy is a limited resource that is becoming increasingly difficult to access over time. Utilizing the experiences of developed countries in the field of optimal management and advancing strategic goals in the field of energy is one of the necessities of the country today. In this dissertation, using the meta-combined method, the experiences of the United States of America, China, Saudi Arabia, Norway, Singapore and India as countries that each have one of the advantages in resources, technology and energy governance model were extracted and categories. "Powers and Duties", "Pricing Model", "Nature of Regulatory Authority" and "Structure and Members" are extracted. this article seeks to clarify that although the regulatory bodies of selected countries are often state-owned, pricing is subject to free market rules with regulatory conditions in place. To further explain each category, suggestions were made and as a suggestion for future research, research on "comprehensive energy plan" as a strategic plan of the country in the field of improving energy efficiency has been proposed.

The change in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere produced by the use of fossil fuels and land use is the most significant component in rising global temperatures since the industrial revolution. Carbon in the atmosphere may be cycled through a cycle involving land, ocean, and atmosphere. Schmidt in his essay calculated the quantity of carbon until 1990 by examining this cycle in the form of simultaneous differential equations. In this research, the final amount of carbon in the atmosphere after its cycle and earth temperature change is measured using the same simultaneous differential equations and real data of carbon emissions from fossil fuels and land from the Industrial Revolution until 2021. These results can help figure out the historical responsibility of countries more accurately. The result of this paper shows that not just developed countries but also developing countries like China and India are responsible for the rise of temperatures and climate change.

In this research, along with the operational investigation of Makran region for energy production, PVSOL2021 software has been used to model a 200 MW solar power plant. After checking the location of the area and its location based on the required technical and administrative requirements, the appropriate location has been selected using ArcGIS software. Suitable location in the range of longitude 57.3696 degrees and latitude 27.8438 degrees with an area of about 100 hectares, selection and modeling of solar panels, converters, transmission lines, etc. have been done. Adequate conditions of radiation during the year with 10 hours of effective radiation during the day during the 9 months of the year have been to the potential for renewable energy production. The modeling results have shown that with the suitable climate and topology of the region, and the amount of effective solar radiation above it, it is possible to produce 236814100 kWh/year. As a result of the production of this amount of renewable energy, the production of 111299200 kg of CO2-polluting gas per year will be reduced. Also, the coefficient of performance ratio of this designed power plant shows the high efficiency and appropriateness of building a solar power plant in this area and operating it according to the obtained value.

The purpose of this research is to measure the effectiveness of East Azarbaijan gas company's advertisements on consumption reduction and to quantitatively estimate the effect of advertisements on consumption reduction. Gas household costumer of East Azarbaijan province were selected as the statistical population. The statistical population was clustered according to consumption levels and 2169 costumer participated in the research by completing the questionnaire. Research data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and analysis of variance. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using content validity and convergent validity. Its reliability was also confirmed through four methods of Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, average explained variance and maximum explained variance. In order to measure the effect of advertisements on gas consumption, the variables of air and comfort/welfare temperature were used as mediating variables. By performing regression on the daily data of air temperature and gas consumption of the province, the relationship between two variables was determined as a mathematical equation, and then the amount of consumption reduction was estimated assuming compliance with the consumption pattern and reducing the temperature of residential houses. From the results of the survey, the effectiveness of advertising was calculated to be 63%. The results of the modeling show that for every 1% increase in the effectiveness of advertisements, the amount of gas consumption in the province decreases by 0.59%. Assuming the full effectiveness of advertisements in the area of optimal gas consumption, the amount of consumption reduction in the province is The average was estimated at 23%.

Indiscriminate extraction of underground water in the country in order to compensate for the deficit of drinking water, agriculture and industry has caused the formation and intensification of the phenomenon of subsidence, especially in recent years. With the spread of this phenomenon and its invasion of urban and intercity spaces and infrastructures, in recent years, studies and measures have been formed at different levels of scientific centers and executive bodies, however, this phenomenon has different aspects, including the accuracy of rate measurement. Subsidence, passing and implementing effective laws to reduce the rate, providing design guidelines and implementation solutions for all types of structures subject to subsidence require more comprehensive, multi-institutional and national studies. One of the main problems in dealing with this phenomenon is the implementation of isolated and independent actions at all levels, so that these actions have not achieved acceptable results in the country. Therefore, in this article, while dealing with the causes and effects of the subsidence phenomenon, an attempt has been made to examine the existing laws, regarding the policy making and duties of various institutions to deal with this phenomenon in the form of supra-institutional and national measures.

Nowadays “Innovation” is a key factor for developing the countries and their societies. Between ecosystems, “Innovation Ecosystem” is an emerging issues in universities and industries, which facilitate the possibility of collaboration to activate knowledge transfer, support the technology acquisition, and promoting the innovative thinking and supporting the knowledge-based economic. There is a little research related to innovation ecosystem modeling which can make some difficulties for policy maker in policy research and strategic decision making, also there is no study in comprehensive conceptual model about Niroo (power and water industries) innovation ecosystem. Then in this study to overcome this deficiency, by systematic review of recent researches, we use meta-synthesis to analyze and combination of effective agents in innovation ecosystem and representing a comprehensive conceptual model.  In this research by reviewing prestigious journals and conferences related to subject theoretical basics by meta-synthetics method, main innovation ecosystem agents were identified then by Niroo innovation ecosystem experts, which were selected Purposefully, their attributes and functions, performance index and relationship between them is validated and finalized; based of those, a simplified model is modified to express the way of employing aforesaid contents by systems dynamic. So in four different scenarios, the variation of key performance of whole ecosystem is studied and relatively strategic propositions are represented.  Novelty of this paper is its integrity and comprehensive which assist power and water industries’ managers analyze and monitor their policies effects based in this model before their decision making and make strategic planning to drive each agent effectively

The share of renewable energies, especially wind power, in the energy supply basket of countries, is growing day by day. The electricity produced by wind turbines has the minimum dependency on water consumption and carbon emissions. For this reason, wind power plants are included in the category of green industries. But it should be noted that performing any industrial activity, even in a green industry, can have destructive effects on the surrounding environment. Investigating and identifying the environmental impacts of this type of power plant can play a significant role in developing more effective regulations in locating, constructing, and operating of these power plants, leading to make this industry more greener. In this study, various environmental impacts of wind power plants and the latest countermeasures to reduce these impacts, which were studied in recent references, were summarized. This can create a structure to quantify these adverse effects and make the right decision for the appropriate placement of wind turbines according to the conditions of each region. The investigated impacts are the simultaneous need for fossil power plants, noise pollution, visual impact, death of birds, shadow flickering, change in the ecosystem of the installation site during construction and operation, carbon emissions and the creation of other pollutants in the construction process, recycling at the end-of-life, and the accidents in wind power plants. Finally, the current state of the environmental regulations for the operation of this type of power plant in Iran, and the effectiveness of these policies have been investigated.